Phone-to-Feature Mapping
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(Difference between revisions)
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{| border="1" | {| border="1" | ||
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| - | !width="40 | + | !width="40"|phn |
!width="40"|pl1 | !width="40"|pl1 | ||
!width="40"|dg1 | !width="40"|dg1 | ||
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!width="40"|IPA | !width="40"|IPA | ||
!examples, notes | !examples, notes | ||
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
|aa||NONE||VOW||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||aa||IPA|ɑ||align = "left"|as in "bob" | |aa||NONE||VOW||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||aa||IPA|ɑ||align = "left"|as in "bob" | ||
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |ae||NONE||VOW||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||ae||IPA|æ||as in "bat" | + | |ae||NONE||VOW||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||ae||IPA|æ||align = "left"|as in "bat" |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |ah||NONE||VOW||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||ah||IPA|ʌ||as in "but" | + | |ah||NONE||VOW||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||ah||IPA|ʌ||align = "left"|as in "but" |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |ao||NONE||VOW||NONE||VOW||-||+||VOI||ao||IPA|ɔ||as in "bought" | + | |ao||NONE||VOW||NONE||VOW||-||+||VOI||ao||IPA|ɔ||align = "left"|as in "bought" |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |aw1||NONE||VOW||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||aw1||IPA|aʊ||1st articulatory configuration of the diphthong in "bout" | + | |aw1||NONE||VOW||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||aw1||IPA|aʊ||align = "left"|1st articulatory configuration of the diphthong in "bout" |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |aw2||NONE||VOW||NONE||VOW||-||+||VOI||aw2||IPA|aʊ||2nd articulatory configuration of the diphthong in "bout" | + | |aw2||NONE||VOW||NONE||VOW||-||+||VOI||aw2||IPA|aʊ||align = "left"|2nd articulatory configuration of the diphthong in "bout" |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |ax||NONE||VOW||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||ax||IPA|ə||1st vowel in "about" | + | |ax||NONE||VOW||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||ax||IPA|ə||align = "left"|1st vowel in "about" |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |axr||RHO||APP||NONE||VOW||-||*||VOI||axr||IPA|ɚ||as in end of "butter"; note: features same as [r], [er]? | + | |axr||RHO||APP||NONE||VOW||-||*||VOI||axr||IPA|ɚ||align = "left"|as in end of "butter"; note: features same as [r], [er]? |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |ay1||NONE||VOW||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||ay1||IPA|aɪ||1st articulatory configuration of the diphthong in "bite" | + | |ay1||NONE||VOW||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||ay1||IPA|aɪ||align = "left"|1st articulatory configuration of the diphthong in "bite" |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |ay2||NONE||VOW||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||ay2||IPA|aɪ||2nd articulatory configuration of the diphthong in "bite" | + | |ay2||NONE||VOW||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||ay2||IPA|aɪ||align = "left"|2nd articulatory configuration of the diphthong in "bite" |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |b||LAB||BUR||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||N/A||IPA|b||burst only | + | |b||LAB||BUR||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||N/A||IPA|b||align = "left"|burst only |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |bcl||LAB||CLO||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||N/A||||closure only | + | |bcl||LAB||CLO||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||N/A||||align = "left"|closure only |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |ch||P-A||FRIC||NONE||VOW||-||*||VL||N/A||IPA|ʧ||frication part only of affricate in "chat" (closure part is [dcl]); same features as [sh]; note: rd? | + | |ch||P-A||FRIC||NONE||VOW||-||*||VL||N/A||IPA|ʧ||align = "left"|frication part only of affricate in "chat" (closure part is [dcl]); same features as [sh]; note: rd? |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |d||ALV||BUR||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||N/A||IPA|d||burst only | + | |d||ALV||BUR||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||N/A||IPA|d||align = "left"|burst only |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |dcl||ALV||CLO||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||N/A||||closure only | + | |dcl||ALV||CLO||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||N/A||||align = "left"|closure only |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |dh||DEN||FRIC||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||N/A||IPA|ð||as in "them" | + | |dh||DEN||FRIC||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||N/A||IPA|ð||align = "left"|as in "them" |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |dx||ALV||FLAP||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||N/A||IPA|ɾ||flap as in "butter" | + | |dx||ALV||FLAP||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||N/A||IPA|ɾ||align = "left"|flap as in "butter" |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |eh||NONE||VOW||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||eh||IPA|ɛ||as in "bet" | + | |eh||NONE||VOW||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||eh||IPA|ɛ||align = "left"|as in "bet" |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |el||LAT||CLO||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||el||IPA|l̩||syllabic /l/ as in "bottle"; note: vow = N/A? | + | |el||LAT||CLO||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||el||IPA|l̩||align = "left"|syllabic /l/ as in "bottle"; note: vow = N/A? |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |em||LAB||CLO||NONE||VOW||+||-||VOI||em||ipa|m̩||syllabic /m/ as in some productions of "bottom"; note: vow = N/A? | + | |em||LAB||CLO||NONE||VOW||+||-||VOI||em||ipa|m̩||align = "left"|syllabic /m/ as in some productions of "bottom"; note: vow = N/A? |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |en||ALV||CLO||NONE||VOW||+||-||VOI||en||IPA|n̩||syllabic /n/ as in "button"; note: vow = N/A? | + | |en||ALV||CLO||NONE||VOW||+||-||VOI||en||IPA|n̩||align = "left"|syllabic /n/ as in "button"; note: vow = N/A? |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |er||RHO||APP||NONE||VOW||-||*||VOI||er||IPA|ɝ||as in "bird"; note: rd? features same as [r], [axr]? | + | |er||RHO||APP||NONE||VOW||-||*||VOI||er||IPA|ɝ||align = "left"|as in "bird"; note: rd? features same as [r], [axr]? |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |ey1||NONE||VOW||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||ey1||IPA|eɪ||1st articulatory configuration of the diphthong in "bait" | + | |ey1||NONE||VOW||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||ey1||IPA|eɪ||align = "left"|1st articulatory configuration of the diphthong in "bait" |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |ey2||NONE||VOW||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||ey2||IPA|eɪ||2nd articulatory configuration of the diphthong in "bait" | + | |ey2||NONE||VOW||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||ey2||IPA|eɪ||align = "left"|2nd articulatory configuration of the diphthong in "bait" |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |f||L-D||FRIC||NONE||VOW||-||-||VL||N/A||IPA|f|| | + | |f||L-D||FRIC||NONE||VOW||-||-||VL||N/A||IPA|f||align = "left"| |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |g||VEL||BUR||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||N/A||IPA|ɡ||burst only | + | |g||VEL||BUR||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||N/A||IPA|ɡ||align = "left"|burst only |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |gcl||VEL||CLO||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||N/A||||closure only | + | |gcl||VEL||CLO||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||N/A||||align = "left"|closure only |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |hh||NONE||VOW||NONE||VOW||-||*||ASP||*||IPA|h||voiceless aspirant as in "he" | + | |hh||NONE||VOW||NONE||VOW||-||*||ASP||*||IPA|h||align = "left"|voiceless aspirant as in "he" |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |ih||NONE||VOW||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||ih||IPA|ɪ||as in "bit" | + | |ih||NONE||VOW||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||ih||IPA|ɪ||align = "left"|as in "bit" |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |ix||NONE||VOW||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||ix||IPA|ɨ||front schwa, as in some productions of 2nd vowel in "roses" | + | |ix||NONE||VOW||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||ix||IPA|ɨ||align = "left"|front schwa, as in some productions of 2nd vowel in "roses" |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |iy||NONE||VOW||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||iy||IPA|i||as in "beet" | + | |iy||NONE||VOW||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||iy||IPA|i||align = "left"|as in "beet" |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |jh||P-A||FRIC||NONE||VOW||-||*||VOI||N/A||IPA|ʤ||frication part only of palato-alveolar affricate in "jot" (closure part is [dcl]); same features as [zh]; note: rd? | + | |jh||P-A||FRIC||NONE||VOW||-||*||VOI||N/A||IPA|ʤ||align = "left"|frication part only of palato-alveolar affricate in "jot" (closure part is [dcl]); same features as [zh]; note: rd? |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |k||VEL||BUR||NONE||VOW||-||-||VL||N/A||IPA|kʰ, k||burst only; for the canonical mapping, we are calling the entire burst BUR, i.e. ignoring the aspiration portion in stressed environments | + | |k||VEL||BUR||NONE||VOW||-||-||VL||N/A||IPA|kʰ, k||align = "left"|burst only; for the canonical mapping, we are calling the entire burst BUR, i.e. ignoring the aspiration portion in stressed environments |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |kcl||VEL||CLO||NONE||VOW||-||-||VL||N/A||||closure only | + | |kcl||VEL||CLO||NONE||VOW||-||-||VL||N/A||||align = "left"|closure only |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |l||LAT||CLO||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||N/A||IPA|l, ɫ|| | + | |l||LAT||CLO||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||N/A||IPA|l, ɫ||align = "left"| |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |m||LAB||CLO||NONE||VOW||+||-||VOI||N/A||IPA|m|| | + | |m||LAB||CLO||NONE||VOW||+||-||VOI||N/A||IPA|m||align = "left"| |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |n||ALV||CLO||NONE||VOW||+||-||VOI||N/A||IPA|n|| | + | |n||ALV||CLO||NONE||VOW||+||-||VOI||N/A||IPA|n||align = "left"| |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |nx||ALV||FLAP||NONE||VOW||+||-||VOI||N/A||||nasal flap, as in some productions of "winter" or "winner" | + | |nx||ALV||FLAP||NONE||VOW||+||-||VOI||N/A||||align = "left"|nasal flap, as in some productions of "winter" or "winner" |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |ng||VEL||CLO||NONE||VOW||+||-||VOI||N/A||IPA|ŋ||as in "bang" | + | |ng||VEL||CLO||NONE||VOW||+||-||VOI||N/A||IPA|ŋ||align = "left"|as in "bang" |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |ow1||NONE||VOW||NONE||VOW||-||+||VOI||ow1||IPA|oʊ||1st articulatory configuration of the diphthong in "boat" | + | |ow1||NONE||VOW||NONE||VOW||-||+||VOI||ow1||IPA|oʊ||align = "left"|1st articulatory configuration of the diphthong in "boat" |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |ow2||NONE||VOW||NONE||VOW||-||+||VOI||ow2||IPA|oʊ||2nd articulatory configuration of the diphthong in "boat" | + | |ow2||NONE||VOW||NONE||VOW||-||+||VOI||ow2||IPA|oʊ||align = "left"|2nd articulatory configuration of the diphthong in "boat" |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |oy1||NONE||VOW||NONE||VOW||-||+||VOI||oy1||IPA|'''o'''ɪ, '''ɔ'''ɪ||1st articulatory configuration of the diphthong in "boy" | + | |oy1||NONE||VOW||NONE||VOW||-||+||VOI||oy1||IPA|'''o'''ɪ, '''ɔ'''ɪ||align = "left"|1st articulatory configuration of the diphthong in "boy" |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |oy2||NONE||VOW||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||oy2||IPA|o'''ɪ''', ɔ'''ɪ'''||2nd articulatory configuration of the diphthong in "boy" | + | |oy2||NONE||VOW||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||oy2||IPA|o'''ɪ''', ɔ'''ɪ'''||align = "left"|2nd articulatory configuration of the diphthong in "boy" |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |p||LAB||BUR||NONE||VOW||-||-||VL||N/A||IPA|pʰ, p||burst only; see note for [k] | + | |p||LAB||BUR||NONE||VOW||-||-||VL||N/A||IPA|pʰ, p||align = "left"|burst only; see note for [k] |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |pcl||LAB||CLO||NONE||VOW||-||-||VL||N/A||||closure only | + | |pcl||LAB||CLO||NONE||VOW||-||-||VL||N/A||||align = "left"|closure only |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |q||GLO||CLO||NONE||VOW||-||-||STOP/IRR||*||IPA|ʔ||glottal stop; note: VOI?, unspecified vow? [Used to be ST/IRR; changed it here and above.-AB,7/14/06] | + | |q||GLO||CLO||NONE||VOW||-||-||STOP/IRR||*||IPA|ʔ||align = "left"|glottal stop; note: VOI?, unspecified vow? [Used to be ST/IRR; changed it here and above.-AB,7/14/06] |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |r||RHO||APP||NONE||VOW||-||*||VOI||N/A||IPA|ɹ||as in "run"; rd? | + | |r||RHO||APP||NONE||VOW||-||*||VOI||N/A||IPA|ɹ||align = "left"|as in "run"; rd? |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |s||ALV||FRIC||NONE||VOW||-||-||VL||N/A||IPA|s|| | + | |s||ALV||FRIC||NONE||VOW||-||-||VL||N/A||IPA|s||align = "left"| |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |sh||P-A||FRIC||NONE||VOW||-||*||VL||N/A||IPA|ʃ||rd? | + | |sh||P-A||FRIC||NONE||VOW||-||*||VL||N/A||IPA|ʃ||align = "left"|rd? |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |t||ALV||BUR||NONE||VOW||-||-||VL||N/A||IPA|tʰ, t||burst only; see note for [k] | + | |t||ALV||BUR||NONE||VOW||-||-||VL||N/A||IPA|tʰ, t||align = "left"|burst only; see note for [k] |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |tcl||ALV||CLO||NONE||VOW||-||-||VL||N/A||||closure only | + | |tcl||ALV||CLO||NONE||VOW||-||-||VL||N/A||||align = "left"|closure only |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |th||DEN||FRIC||NONE||VOW||-||-||VL||N/A||IPA|θ||as in "thin" | + | |th||DEN||FRIC||NONE||VOW||-||-||VL||N/A||IPA|θ||align = "left"|as in "thin" |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |uh||NONE||VOW||NONE||VOW||-||+||VOI||uh||IPA|ʊ||as in "book" | + | |uh||NONE||VOW||NONE||VOW||-||+||VOI||uh||IPA|ʊ||align = "left"|as in "book" |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |uw||NONE||VOW||NONE||VOW||-||+||VOI||uw||IPA|u||as in "boot" | + | |uw||NONE||VOW||NONE||VOW||-||+||VOI||uw||IPA|u||align = "left"|as in "boot" |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |ux||NONE||VOW||NONE||VOW||-||+||VOI||ux||IPA|(j)u, ʉ||fronted /uw/ as in some productions of "too"; same as German ü or vowel in French "sur" | + | |ux||NONE||VOW||NONE||VOW||-||+||VOI||ux||IPA|(j)u, ʉ||align = "left"|fronted /uw/ as in some productions of "too"; same as German ü or vowel in French "sur" |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |v||L-D||FRIC||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||N/A||IPA|v|| | + | |v||L-D||FRIC||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||N/A||IPA|v||align = "left"| |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |w||LAB||APP||NONE||VOW||-||+||VOI||N/A||IPA|w||pl2 = VEL, dg2 = APP? | + | |w||LAB||APP||NONE||VOW||-||+||VOI||N/A||IPA|w||align = "left"|pl2 = VEL, dg2 = APP? |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |y||P-A||APP||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||N/A||IPA|j||as in "yet" | + | |y||P-A||APP||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||N/A||IPA|j||align = "left"|as in "yet" |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |z||ALV||FRIC||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||N/A||IPA|z|| | + | |z||ALV||FRIC||NONE||VOW||-||-||VOI||N/A||IPA|z||align = "left"| |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |zh||P-A||FRIC||NONE||VOW||-||*||VOI||N/A||IPA|ʒ||as in "measure"; note: rd? | + | |zh||P-A||FRIC||NONE||VOW||-||*||VOI||N/A||IPA|ʒ||align = "left"|as in "measure"; note: rd? |
| - | |- | + | |- align="center" |
| - | |sil||SIL||SIL||SIL||SIL||-||-||VL||N/A||||Used to have pl2 = NONE, dg2 = VOW;why, I have no idea. So I changed it to SIL for all 4 pl/dg features. | + | |sil||SIL||SIL||SIL||SIL||-||-||VL||N/A||||align = "left"|Used to have pl2 = NONE, dg2 = VOW;why, I have no idea. So I changed it to SIL for all 4 pl/dg features. |
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 17:41, 28 January 2010
Mapping from phones to their canonical gestural feature values
- '*' indicates that a feature is unspecified; e.g. the feature vow for [hh] and [q] or rd for rhotics and palato-alveolar fricatives.
- One phone, [q], can take on either of two values for glo, STOP or IRR.
- All of the phones have pl2 = NONE, dg2 = VOW canonically (though [w] is arguable). However, these features are used in the transcription of non-canonical regions.
- The notes column records other issues that have come up in discussions about specific phones.
- We use a single vowel tier, instead of height and front-back features; height and front-back fail to distinguish certain vowel sets and were found to be hard to use in practice when transcribing. For your reference, height and front-back features are shown in the vowel diagram below.
- This mapping is Set 6; To see how our feature sets have evolved, "comingsoon"
| phn | pl1 | dg1 | pl2 | dg2 | nas | rd | glo | vow | IPA | examples, notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| aa | NONE | VOW | NONE | VOW | - | - | VOI | aa | ɑ | as in "bob" |
| ae | NONE | VOW | NONE | VOW | - | - | VOI | ae | æ | as in "bat" |
| ah | NONE | VOW | NONE | VOW | - | - | VOI | ah | ʌ | as in "but" |
| ao | NONE | VOW | NONE | VOW | - | + | VOI | ao | ɔ | as in "bought" |
| aw1 | NONE | VOW | NONE | VOW | - | - | VOI | aw1 | aʊ | 1st articulatory configuration of the diphthong in "bout" |
| aw2 | NONE | VOW | NONE | VOW | - | + | VOI | aw2 | aʊ | 2nd articulatory configuration of the diphthong in "bout" |
| ax | NONE | VOW | NONE | VOW | - | - | VOI | ax | ə | 1st vowel in "about" |
| axr | RHO | APP | NONE | VOW | - | * | VOI | axr | ɚ | as in end of "butter"; note: features same as [r], [er]? |
| ay1 | NONE | VOW | NONE | VOW | - | - | VOI | ay1 | aɪ | 1st articulatory configuration of the diphthong in "bite" |
| ay2 | NONE | VOW | NONE | VOW | - | - | VOI | ay2 | aɪ | 2nd articulatory configuration of the diphthong in "bite" |
| b | LAB | BUR | NONE | VOW | - | - | VOI | N/A | b | burst only |
| bcl | LAB | CLO | NONE | VOW | - | - | VOI | N/A | closure only | |
| ch | P-A | FRIC | NONE | VOW | - | * | VL | N/A | ʧ | frication part only of affricate in "chat" (closure part is [dcl]); same features as [sh]; note: rd? |
| d | ALV | BUR | NONE | VOW | - | - | VOI | N/A | d | burst only |
| dcl | ALV | CLO | NONE | VOW | - | - | VOI | N/A | closure only | |
| dh | DEN | FRIC | NONE | VOW | - | - | VOI | N/A | ð | as in "them" |
| dx | ALV | FLAP | NONE | VOW | - | - | VOI | N/A | ɾ | flap as in "butter" |
| eh | NONE | VOW | NONE | VOW | - | - | VOI | eh | ɛ | as in "bet" |
| el | LAT | CLO | NONE | VOW | - | - | VOI | el | l̩ | syllabic /l/ as in "bottle"; note: vow = N/A? |
| em | LAB | CLO | NONE | VOW | + | - | VOI | em | m̩ | syllabic /m/ as in some productions of "bottom"; note: vow = N/A? |
| en | ALV | CLO | NONE | VOW | + | - | VOI | en | n̩ | syllabic /n/ as in "button"; note: vow = N/A? |
| er | RHO | APP | NONE | VOW | - | * | VOI | er | ɝ | as in "bird"; note: rd? features same as [r], [axr]? |
| ey1 | NONE | VOW | NONE | VOW | - | - | VOI | ey1 | eɪ | 1st articulatory configuration of the diphthong in "bait" |
| ey2 | NONE | VOW | NONE | VOW | - | - | VOI | ey2 | eɪ | 2nd articulatory configuration of the diphthong in "bait" |
| f | L-D | FRIC | NONE | VOW | - | - | VL | N/A | f | |
| g | VEL | BUR | NONE | VOW | - | - | VOI | N/A | ɡ | burst only |
| gcl | VEL | CLO | NONE | VOW | - | - | VOI | N/A | closure only | |
| hh | NONE | VOW | NONE | VOW | - | * | ASP | * | h | voiceless aspirant as in "he" |
| ih | NONE | VOW | NONE | VOW | - | - | VOI | ih | ɪ | as in "bit" |
| ix | NONE | VOW | NONE | VOW | - | - | VOI | ix | ɨ | front schwa, as in some productions of 2nd vowel in "roses" |
| iy | NONE | VOW | NONE | VOW | - | - | VOI | iy | i | as in "beet" |
| jh | P-A | FRIC | NONE | VOW | - | * | VOI | N/A | ʤ | frication part only of palato-alveolar affricate in "jot" (closure part is [dcl]); same features as [zh]; note: rd? |
| k | VEL | BUR | NONE | VOW | - | - | VL | N/A | kʰ, k | burst only; for the canonical mapping, we are calling the entire burst BUR, i.e. ignoring the aspiration portion in stressed environments |
| kcl | VEL | CLO | NONE | VOW | - | - | VL | N/A | closure only | |
| l | LAT | CLO | NONE | VOW | - | - | VOI | N/A | l, ɫ | |
| m | LAB | CLO | NONE | VOW | + | - | VOI | N/A | m | |
| n | ALV | CLO | NONE | VOW | + | - | VOI | N/A | n | |
| nx | ALV | FLAP | NONE | VOW | + | - | VOI | N/A | nasal flap, as in some productions of "winter" or "winner" | |
| ng | VEL | CLO | NONE | VOW | + | - | VOI | N/A | ŋ | as in "bang" |
| ow1 | NONE | VOW | NONE | VOW | - | + | VOI | ow1 | oʊ | 1st articulatory configuration of the diphthong in "boat" |
| ow2 | NONE | VOW | NONE | VOW | - | + | VOI | ow2 | oʊ | 2nd articulatory configuration of the diphthong in "boat" |
| oy1 | NONE | VOW | NONE | VOW | - | + | VOI | oy1 | oɪ, ɔɪ | 1st articulatory configuration of the diphthong in "boy" |
| oy2 | NONE | VOW | NONE | VOW | - | - | VOI | oy2 | oɪ, ɔɪ | 2nd articulatory configuration of the diphthong in "boy" |
| p | LAB | BUR | NONE | VOW | - | - | VL | N/A | pʰ, p | burst only; see note for [k] |
| pcl | LAB | CLO | NONE | VOW | - | - | VL | N/A | closure only | |
| q | GLO | CLO | NONE | VOW | - | - | STOP/IRR | * | ʔ | glottal stop; note: VOI?, unspecified vow? [Used to be ST/IRR; changed it here and above.-AB,7/14/06] |
| r | RHO | APP | NONE | VOW | - | * | VOI | N/A | ɹ | as in "run"; rd? |
| s | ALV | FRIC | NONE | VOW | - | - | VL | N/A | s | |
| sh | P-A | FRIC | NONE | VOW | - | * | VL | N/A | ʃ | rd? |
| t | ALV | BUR | NONE | VOW | - | - | VL | N/A | tʰ, t | burst only; see note for [k] |
| tcl | ALV | CLO | NONE | VOW | - | - | VL | N/A | closure only | |
| th | DEN | FRIC | NONE | VOW | - | - | VL | N/A | θ | as in "thin" |
| uh | NONE | VOW | NONE | VOW | - | + | VOI | uh | ʊ | as in "book" |
| uw | NONE | VOW | NONE | VOW | - | + | VOI | uw | u | as in "boot" |
| ux | NONE | VOW | NONE | VOW | - | + | VOI | ux | (j)u, ʉ | fronted /uw/ as in some productions of "too"; same as German ü or vowel in French "sur" |
| v | L-D | FRIC | NONE | VOW | - | - | VOI | N/A | v | |
| w | LAB | APP | NONE | VOW | - | + | VOI | N/A | w | pl2 = VEL, dg2 = APP? |
| y | P-A | APP | NONE | VOW | - | - | VOI | N/A | j | as in "yet" |
| z | ALV | FRIC | NONE | VOW | - | - | VOI | N/A | z | |
| zh | P-A | FRIC | NONE | VOW | - | * | VOI | N/A | ʒ | as in "measure"; note: rd? |
| sil | SIL | SIL | SIL | SIL | - | - | VL | N/A | Used to have pl2 = NONE, dg2 = VOW;why, I have no idea. So I changed it to SIL for all 4 pl/dg features. |
Vowel diagram
